Element 22 · Transition metal
Titanium (Ti) — Element 22
Titans of Greek myth
Titanium (Ti) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 4 of the periodic table with atomic number 22, standard atomic weight 47.867 u, and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d² 4s². At standard temperature and pressure it is classified as a solid with 4 valence electrons and common oxidation states +4, +3.
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What are the atomic properties and physical constants of Titanium?
Reference constants compiled from IUPAC standard atomic weights, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, and the CRC Handbook.
- Atomic number (Z)
- 22
- Standard atomic mass
- 47.867 u
- Chemical family
- Transition metal
- Ground-state configuration
- [Ar] 3d² 4s²
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 10, 2
- Valence electrons
- 4
- Common ion charges / oxidation states
- +4, +3
- Phase at STP
- Solid
- Pauling electronegativity
- 1.54 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 658 kJ/mol
- Atomic radius
- 176 pm
- Melting point
- 1,668 °C
- Boiling point
- 3,287 °C
- Discovery year
- 1791
- Table coordinate
- Period 4, Group 4
- Radioactivity
- Has stable isotope(s)
How are electrons arranged across Titanium’s shells?
A neutral Titanium atom contains 22 electrons distributed across 4 occupied principal energy shells ([Ar] 3d² 4s²). The table below compares Titanium’s shell occupancy against each shell’s theoretical 2n² capacity.
| Principal Shell (n) | Spectroscopic Letter | Electrons in Ti | Max Shell Capacity (2n²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1 | K | 2 e⁻ | 2 e⁻ |
| n = 2 | L | 8 e⁻ | 8 e⁻ |
| n = 3 | M | 10 e⁻ | 18 e⁻ |
| n = 4 | N | 2 e⁻ | 32 e⁻ |
Frequently Asked Questions about Titanium (Ti)
What is the atomic mass and atomic number of Titanium (Ti)?
Titanium (Ti) has atomic number Z = 22 (22 protons in its nucleus) and an IUPAC standard atomic weight of 47.867 u. It sits in Period 4, Group 4 and is classified as a transition metal.
What is the ground-state electron configuration of Titanium?
The neutral ground-state electron configuration of Titanium (Z = 22) is [Ar] 3d² 4s². Across its 4 occupied principal shells (n = 1 to n = 4), the electrons per shell are 2, 8, 10, 2, with 4 valence electrons participating in bonding.
What are the common ion charges and electronegativity of Titanium?
Titanium commonly forms +4, +3 oxidation states or ion charges in compounds. Its Pauling electronegativity is 1.54 and its first ionization energy is 658 kJ/mol.
When was Titanium discovered and what is it used for?
Titanium was discovered in 1791 (Titans of Greek myth). Aircraft, implants, paint pigment
How does Titanium compare to neighboring elements?
Other transition metal elements: