Element 25 · Transition metal
Manganese (Mn) — Element 25
Latin magnes — magnet
Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal in Period 4, Group 7 of the periodic table with atomic number 25, standard atomic weight 54.938 u, and ground-state electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². At standard temperature and pressure it is classified as a solid with 7 valence electrons and common oxidation states +2, +4, +7.
Steel alloys, batteries
What are the atomic properties and physical constants of Manganese?
Reference constants compiled from IUPAC standard atomic weights, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, and the CRC Handbook.
- Atomic number (Z)
- 25
- Standard atomic mass
- 54.938 u
- Chemical family
- Transition metal
- Ground-state configuration
- [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 13, 2
- Valence electrons
- 7
- Common ion charges / oxidation states
- +2, +4, +7
- Phase at STP
- Solid
- Pauling electronegativity
- 1.55 Pauling
- First ionization energy
- 717 kJ/mol
- Atomic radius
- 161 pm
- Melting point
- 1,246 °C
- Boiling point
- 2,061 °C
- Discovery year
- 1774
- Table coordinate
- Period 4, Group 7
- Radioactivity
- Has stable isotope(s)
How are electrons arranged across Manganese’s shells?
A neutral Manganese atom contains 25 electrons distributed across 4 occupied principal energy shells ([Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²). The table below compares Manganese’s shell occupancy against each shell’s theoretical 2n² capacity.
| Principal Shell (n) | Spectroscopic Letter | Electrons in Mn | Max Shell Capacity (2n²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1 | K | 2 e⁻ | 2 e⁻ |
| n = 2 | L | 8 e⁻ | 8 e⁻ |
| n = 3 | M | 13 e⁻ | 18 e⁻ |
| n = 4 | N | 2 e⁻ | 32 e⁻ |
Frequently Asked Questions about Manganese (Mn)
What is the atomic mass and atomic number of Manganese (Mn)?
Manganese (Mn) has atomic number Z = 25 (25 protons in its nucleus) and an IUPAC standard atomic weight of 54.938 u. It sits in Period 4, Group 7 and is classified as a transition metal.
What is the ground-state electron configuration of Manganese?
The neutral ground-state electron configuration of Manganese (Z = 25) is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s². Across its 4 occupied principal shells (n = 1 to n = 4), the electrons per shell are 2, 8, 13, 2, with 7 valence electrons participating in bonding.
What are the common ion charges and electronegativity of Manganese?
Manganese commonly forms +2, +4, +7 oxidation states or ion charges in compounds. Its Pauling electronegativity is 1.55 and its first ionization energy is 717 kJ/mol.
When was Manganese discovered and what is it used for?
Manganese was discovered in 1774 (Latin magnes — magnet). Steel alloys, batteries
How does Manganese compare to neighboring elements?
Other transition metal elements: